Introduction
The banking system as it existed in pre-liberated period, suffered from a number of weaknesses and limitations. The shortcomings were duly recognized and clearly spelt out Patrice #37 jersey by the Credit Equity Commission (1959) and the planning Commission (1970). A few business houses controlled the whole credit program to suit their needs and as a result the whole economy was mortgaged to 20/22 families, who controlled 66 percent of total industrial assets, 70 percent of insurance funds, and 80 percent of bank assets.[1] In the post- liberation period, the Government of Bangladesh inherited a large number of financial institutions, which were abandoned by their Pakistani owners. In the financial sector of the economy, a vacuum was created by the departure of their owner entrepreneurs, leading to take over of banks by the Government. Banks in Bangladesh were nationalized through the Bangladesh Bank (Nationalization Order 26th March 1972). The order of nationalization was passed through the parliament. Six new Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs) were created by reorganizing 12 banks, which were privately owned. In 1983 Bangladesh Government took a decision to denationalize two nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) namely Uttara Bank (UB) and Public Bank (PB). These banks were converted into Public Limited Company in June 1983. Seven more private commercial banks started functioning out of which six were established during 1983 and another was established in May 1987. Since 1972, Banking sector have been playing a commendable role in achieving the economic growth of Bangladesh.
Statement of the Problems
Banking in general as a competitive position due to its diversified nature like the NCBs, PCBs, SCBs and FCBs. Capital market & Money market are well managed but due to natural calamity shortage of power & gas facilities & raw materials, industrial efficiency is questionable. Stuck-up advances increase due to low recovery as a result there is a high cost of working fund of the commercial banks. There is also excess fund due to lack of opportunity of investment of working fund. These affects the earnings power, profitability & productivity of the commercial banks
Justification of the Study
Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country. Since 1972, Banking sector have been playing a commendable role in achieving the economic growth of Bangladesh. A host of research studied has been conducted on the various aspects of NCBs, PCBs, SCBs, FCBs but as such no specific attempt has been made in the field of comparative study. Therefore, the present study is planned with the broad purpose of investigating the indicators of profitability & productivity of the banking sectors in Bangladesh. The specific objectives comprise find out the performance indicators of the banks, profitability, productivity aspects and relevant factors affecting the same during 1996-2005.
Objectives of the Study
The study is designed to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To highlight the financial performance of NCBs, PCBs, SCBs & FCBs during 2000 to 2009.
To measure the profitability, branch productivity, employee productivity, & overall productivity & the relevant factors of selected banks during 1996 to 2005. .
To locate the SWOT MIX of the banks for the period under study.
.
Hypotheses of the Study
- There is no significant difference of influencing factors of profitability among the selected banks during 2000-2009.
There is no significant difference in explaining profitability among the selected banks during 2000-2009.
Analysis & Interpretations of Data
Testing of Hypotheses
Hypothesis # 1: Factor Analysis: The general purpose of factor analysis is to minimize Patrice #37 jersey the information continued in a large number of variables in to a smaller number of factors. Each variable is expressed as a linear combination of the underlying factors. The following variables are used for the factor analysis;
V1 Total Advance to Total Deposits ??????????????????? (TADVtTD)
V2 Total Investment to Total
V3 Total Income to Total Deposits ??????????????????????? (TItTD)
V4 Total Income to Total Advance? ????????????????????? (TItADV)
V5 Total Income to Total Investment?? ????????????????? (TItTINV)
V6 Total Income to Total Assets?? ???????????????????????? (TItTAsst)
V7 Net Profit to Total Deposits?? ??????????????????????????? (NptTD)
V8 Net Profit to Total Advance??? ?????????????????????????? (NptTAdv)
V9 Net Profit? to Total Income??? ??????????????????????????? (NptTD)
V10 Net Profit? to Total Assets??? ??????????????????????????? (NptTAss)
KMO and Bartlett's Test (a) for NCBs, PCBS, SCBs & FCBs
Name of the Parameters
NCBs
PCBs
SCBs
FCBs
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure
Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
0.503
0.661
0.701
0.576
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
529.294
541.633
597.998
563.394
df
36
36
45
45
Sig.
.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
Total Variance Explained (a)
Component
Initial Eigen values
Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total
% of Variance
Cumulative %
Total
% of Variance
Cumulative %
1
3.866
42.954
42.954
3.775
41.948
41.948
2
2.411
26.788
69.742
2.235
24.834
66.782
3
1.248
13.869
83.611
1.515
16.829
83.611
4
.736
8.173
91.784
5
.537
5.971
97.755
6
.178
1.973
99.728
7
.012
.133
99.861
8
.009
.103
99.964
9
.003
.036
100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotated Component Matrix ( a, b )
Component of SCBs
Component of FCBs
1
2
3
1
2
3
INVTTD
0.874
-0.205
-0.152
INVTTD
-0.280
0.014
-0.921
TITTD
0.911
-0.137
-0.110
TITTD
0.398
0.704
-0.386
TITTADV
0.065
0.953
0.157
TITTADV
0.068
-0.864
-0.144
TITTINV
-0.190
0.149
0.885
TITTINV
0.575
0.500
0.485
NPTTD
0.930
-0.157
-0.040
NPTTD
0.755
0.576
0.143
NPTTADV
0.936
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